Otherwise it looks like an ordinary desk. Douglas Engelbart, known today as an Internet pioneer, had a background in electrical engineering and worked during World War II as a radar operator.
He was inspired by Vannevar Bush's aforementioned essay to create a computer in which you could visually see what you were doing, one which allowed people to share knowledge and solve problems collectively.
A part of his vision was made reality when he presented the oN-Line System to computer professionals in Englebart's machine was able to provide its user with document editing, video conferencing, instant messaging, and e-mail!
He and his team were the first to develop the looks of modern day computers: the mouse, a bit-mapped screen, and a keyboard, which worked in sync with one another to display text on a screen. Englebart's presentation was so impressive that it startled Xerox 's upper management, whose business focused on paper-based machines. Smalltalk was created in in order to give the Alto a graphical interface, and the combination of the interface and newly developed Alto hardware gave birth to the first recognizable computer.
Remember the IBM personal computers of the early '80s? Loud as Volkswagens, big ol' floppy disks, green-on-black monochromatic screens. Those machines were difficult to use because they didn't employ what is known as a graphical user interface, or GUI pronounced "gooey". A GUI is an interface to your computer that gives you easy ways to navigate through your desktop and programs by showing you icons to represent folders, program names, and recycle bins.
It also gives you the ability to use a mouse. Windows 95 and the Macintosh operating system each come with a GUI - your computer almost surely uses one. Think back to that text-only interface of the old IBMs. Ever want to copy a file from one place on your hard drive to another?
Everything had to be handled as a command-line operation meaning, you'd have to type text commands. None of this handy drag-and-drop business. There's no doubt that the GUI created a comfortable environment that made personal computers attractive to the average person.
And sales of home computers took off like a rocket. Graphical user interface design principles conform to the model—view—controller software pattern, which separates internal representations of information from the manner in which information is presented to the user, resulting in a platform where users are shown which functions are possible rather than requiring the input of command codes.
Applications typically implement their own unique graphical user interface display elements in addition to graphical user interface elements already present on the existing operating system. A typical graphical user interface also includes standard formats for representing graphics and text, making it possible to share data between applications running under common graphical user interface design software.
Graphical user interface testing refers to the systematic process of generating test cases in order to evaluate the functionality of the system and its design elements. Graphical user interface testing tools, which are either manual or automated and typically implemented by third-party operators, are available under a variety of licenses and are supported by a variety of platforms. Sketchpad, believed to be the first graphical computer-aided design program, was developed in by Ivan Sutherland while he was at MIT, and consisted of a light pen that enabled users to create and manipulate objects in engineering drawings in real time with coordinated graphics.
Modern operating systems and graphical user interfaces are incorporated into nearly every interactive application, such as ATMs, self-service checkouts, airline self-ticketing and check-in, video games, smartphones, and desktops.
The advantage of a graphical user interface is a stark improvement in useability for the average person.
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